Pelestarian Lingkungan dalam Kebijakan Ekstraktif di Taman Nasional Yasuní (2013–2023): Studi Kualitatif Berbasis Analisis Dokumen
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelestarian lingkungan dalam kebijakan ekstraktif di Taman Nasional Yasuní, Ekuador, selama periode 2013–2023. Fokus utama penelitian adalah memahami bagaimana kebijakan negara yang berbasis eksploitasi minyak memengaruhi keberlanjutan ekologis dan sosial di kawasan dengan biodiversitas tinggi. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus dan analisis dokumen, yang bersumber dari jurnal akademik, laporan kebijakan, serta publikasi organisasi terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelestarian lingkungan berada dalam tekanan struktural akibat dominasi kebijakan ekstraktif dan ketergantungan ekonomi terhadap minyak. Kawasan Yasuní yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati tinggi menghadapi ancaman serius dari eksploitasi sumber daya dan pembangunan infrastruktur terkait (Bass et al., 2010). Selain itu, konflik sosial dan tekanan terhadap masyarakat adat memperkuat kompleksitas masalah lingkungan (Finer et al., 2009). Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pelestarian lingkungan memerlukan perubahan kebijakan yang lebih berkelanjutan dan partisipatif.
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